structural excavations

As one can see, there are a lot of factors that affect the amount of
settlement on a shoring application. In Example 7.2 the thickness of
the sheet pile and the inevitability of ground loss in cohesive soils F3
had the greatest effect. Using a thinner wall thickness on the sheet
pile would also have resulted in deflection and ground loss, most
likely equivalent to the volume the thick pile used up. Ground loss is
inevitable; however, by focusing on the contributing factors it is
possible to control it, at least to the extent that it is cost-effective.
References
Bowels, Joseph E., Engineering Properties of Soils and Their Measurement, McGraw-
Hill, New York,1986.
Bowels, Joseph E., Foundation Analysis and Design, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York,
1996.

Caquot, A., and Kerisel, J., Tables for the Calculation of Passive Pressure, Active Pressure,
and Bearing Capacity of Foundations, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1948.
Chouery, Farid, Slip Surface by Variation for Smooth Wall, Structural and Foundation
Engineer, FAC Systems Inc., Seattle, Wa., 2006.
Chouery, Farid, Variational Method in Deriving Ko, Structural and Foundation
Engineer, FAC Systems Inc., 6738 19th Ave. NW, Seattle, Wa 98117, 2006.
Hashhash, Youssef M. A., and Whittle, Andrew J., “Mechanisms of Load
Transfer Arching for Braced Excavations in Clay,” Journal of Geotechnical and
Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 128, no. 3, March 2002.
Michalowski, R.L. and Park, N. “Arching in granular soils.” Geomechanics: Testing,
Modeling and Simulation. Proc. 1st Japan-U.S. Workshop on Testing, Modeling
and Simulation, Boston, 2003. ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication No. 143,
2005, 255–268.


From the excavations handbook.